Corruption in Ukraine: Will Transparency International be effective?
The legal system of any state considers corruption as an institutional deviation from the legal regulations of selfish orientation using the possibilities of power and authority. Corruption is defined as a violation of law and provides in the legal system appropriate measures to prevent and counteract such a violation.
It is necessary to immediately determine that corruption as a phenomenon exists in any society, in every state. The lowest level of corruption is currently registered in Scandinavia.The highest level of corruption is in developing countries, because they have weak democratic institutions, or their absence, low indicators of economic development and certain, far from the best examples, legal traditions, low level of legal culture.
Ukraine occupies one of the highest places in the level of corruptibility of social relations (131st from 176th to early 2017).
Indicative is the society's attitude to corruption. For example, there are current social protests in Romania for government decisions to mitigate the pressure on corrupt officials. Society in its unity does not perceive corruption manifestations as the basis of social foundations. At the same time, the perception of corruption at the individual level, as a rule, is limited to the personal attitude to the possibility of solving certain issues of social value in their own interests, including at the expense of corruption. Thus, the personal corruption component in public communications remains acceptable to the individual, and corrupt manifestations of such an individual on the other hand are perceived as violations. The rule for combating corruption is blurring in its own interests, which a person can protect and satisfy at the expense of corruption.
Consequently, the task is to create such conditions for the existence of an individual, a society in which corruptive actions are meaningless and have no need to resort to corruption schemes to meet their own needs.Everything is clear here and does not require time consuming and arguments to prove.However, it is extremely difficult to create the same conditions when corrupt mechanisms stop working because of the loss of any social interest in their application.When is it possible?At the heart of corruption are deformed economic relations.For fighting corruption is important to create opportunities to use acquired in a certain law of property to meet the needs of owners through cooperation with the state, which creates favorable conditions for the development of the property, its various forms and gets to the general treasury fair, reasonable fees paid by the owners, i.e. taxes. At the same time, society through democratic, but sufficiently strong and effective institutions supervises the state's activities with regard to objects of common ownership, does not allow state institutions, in the person of officials, to personify such institutions, receive economic dividends from the management of joint-ownership objects, operate state-owned property in the interest of certain individuals, especially those who have the power through access to facilities and to the general treasury.
Thus, we come to a level that shows that the first and most important means of combating corruption is the separation of power subjects from the possibility of obtaining economic benefits from objects of common, state property, the impossibility of obtaining any economic, material or financial benefits from the economic activity of entities of other forms of ownership. The fight against corruption begins with the fight against political corruption and becomes effective when political corruption (corruption from the authorities) is being overthrown because of established economic relations, backed up by a high level of legal culture and based on the requirements of the law of state institutions.
Who are the "parents" of Ukrainian corruption? Over the course of reasoning is made clear that the "parents" of corruption in Ukraine are many, but they are all extremely important subjects of political power, those defined and defines the rules of economic relations, who has direct access to common objects of state property, to finance, their distribution, who create business relationships through government mechanisms."Children" of Ukrainian corruption are all of us, some of them are obedient, others are disobedient, some see and build their world far from corruption, others absorb all corruption lessons and continue corruption traditions.It is important for all of us at the stage of entering the field of individual and collective social communications to get rid of corruption habits, knowledge about corruption opportunities in solving their own needs.The task is extremely complex and has components of the system, dependent prominent part on economic factors, the perception of law in society.
Therefore, the prospects for Transparency International's "five steps" for real anti-corruption changes in Ukraine are doubtful: 1) to create an effective and efficient anti-corruption justice system involving foreign specialists as active participants in the process of selecting judges for these courts; 2) maximally intensify all possibilities for effective investigation and bringing to court the affairs of the "Yanukovych sanction list" applicants; 3) to actively involve both Ukrainian and international business in establishing new transparent rules of relations in the triangle "Society - Government - Business"; 4) to audit and reduce the level of secrecy in the security and defense sector; 5) to establish systemic communication on anti-corruption reforms with the society and international partners on the basis of real facts and achievements, but not promises.
Among these important measures essentially lost "the parents" of corruption, which continue to nurture the "children" of corruption. The proposed Transparency International program is important, but incomplete, and therefore means of preventing and combating corruption or will not work or will work as usual for the show.
Editor in Chief Pavlo Bogutskyi
